Facebook Case Essay Example for Free

Facebook Case Essay It has been almost one year since Mark Zuckerberg decided to take his social media site public. Created on the dream of making the world more open and connected, Mark has devoted the past ten years to making that dream come true. Starting while still in college with a product called Facemash, Mark saw the potential for connecting people through the internet. He has devoted his entire adult life to Facebook which took six years to become profitable. Facebook quickly overtook competitors such as MySpace and became the social square of a global village. The user numbers grew exponentially and soon outnumbered the populations of many countries. The resulting global village was seen as ripe for advertising, profiteering, and soap-boxing. Through the growth, Mark was able to maintain and spread a sense of information democracy. All voices and opinions had equal pull and could reach audiences previously inaccessible. Formerly repressed people had an accessible outlet to outsiders. The simultaneous development of the smartphone industry provided portable and affordable platforms for Facebook everywhere. But what is all of this social capital worth? In 2011 an investor purchased a 1% stake in Facebook for $500 Million, which set Facebook’s net worth at $50 Billion. A year later when deciding to take the company public, Facebook negotiated an IPO price of $38 per share for a total company value of $104 Billion dollars. Many were skeptical that a social media company with few physical assets and no physical products was actually worth over $100 Billion. In fact, Facebook’s IPO was the highest initial value of any newly offered company. Mark himself was uneasy and not openly supportive of the jump to IPO. It was not a strategic business decision but rather a necessity based on the SEC’s rules (Facebook, Inc, 2013). Investors and users alike wondered how Facebook would maintain its dominance in the future, and ensure increasing shareholder wealth. Speculation ran wild that Facebook would begin to charge for its traditionally free service. Mark Zuckerberg had to do massive media campaigns on his own platform to regain control of Facebook’s image. The investors were right to be concerned. Facebook (FB) stock lost 35% ercent of its value in the first 10 days of public trade, and to date has not recovered to the initial stock price of $38 per share. Zuckerberg has a history of leaving investors hanging, and even stood up many investors for an entire day in Boston (Gandel, 2012). Mark has more pressure than ever to develop new revenue streams through his Facebook platform to appease shareholders without push ing users away to the ever growing number of competitor social media sites. Mark has stated multiple times that profits are not his primary goal. Now he has to make shareholders happy. Company amp; Management: Facebook headquarters is located in Menlo Park, California. Located in the heart of the US tech world, they are well positioned to attract top talent and stay abreast of all industry occurrences and trends. They have about 10 offices within the United States and more than 20 offices worldwide. Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook in 2004 and post IPO is Chairman, CEO, and owns 57% of shareholder voting power. Sheryl Sandberg is Chief Operating Officer of the company. Sheryl serves on more than four boards including ONE and the Walt Disney Company. She was formerly the Chief of Staff for the United States Department of the Treasury under the Clinton Administration. She also worked previously as economist for the World Bank. Her responsibilities for Facebook vary from marketing and business development to legalities and human resources for the company (Facebook3, 2013). Facebook’s Chief Financial Officer is David Ebersman. He came from working at Genentech as their Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President. Rounding off the management team, the Chief Technology Officer and Vice President of Engineering is Mike Schroepfer (Facebook2, 2013). He comes from Mozilla, where he served as Vice President of Engineering and was instrumental in the development of the Firefox software. The board of directors for Facebook is responsible for the interests of the shareholders and oversees the management of the company. The purpose of management and the board of directors is to fulfill Facebook’s mission of making the world more open and connected. These responsibilities can be at odds with one another. Mark has stated publicly and paraphrased in the 2013 SEC filing that profits are not the main goal, and that he will steer the company owards long term innovation over short term gains. Facebook’s board is comprised of nine members. Two of these nine members are from within Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, and Sheryl Sandberg. The remaining seven board members are employed at various organizations across the country. Marc Andreessen, Co-founder, and General Partner of Andreessen Horowitz (board member since June 2008) Jim Breye r, Partner at Accel Partners and one of Facebook’s first major investors (board member since April 2005) Susan Desmond-Hellmann, Chancellor of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) (board member since March 2013) Donald E. Graham, Chairman, and CEO of The Washington Post Company (board member since March 2009) Reed Hastings, Chairman, and CEO of Netflix (board member since June 2011) Erskine Bowles, President Emeritus at The University of North Carolina (board member since September 2011) Peter Thiel, Partner at the Founders Fund (board member since April 2005). Original Facebook investor and founder of PayPal (Facebook3, 2013). Facebook grew from 3200 employees in December 2011 to 4619 employees in December 2012. These employees are distributed across the approximately 30 worksites. The Facebook tagline for employees is â€Å"we don’t have rules, we have values† (Facebook6, 2013). The company has a variety of job areas; such as technical staff, sales and marketing, general, and administrative personnel, software engineers, and product designers (Facebook, Inc, 2013). Between 2011 and 2012 there was a 73% growth in engineering, design, and product management hiring; while at the same time there was a 19% increase employees supporting global sales, business development, and customer service jobs. History of Facebook: Facebook began as Facemash in 2003. Facemash was a social rating system for Mark’s Harvard classmates. Members were able to look at two peoples photos and rate them either ‘hot’ or ‘not’. However, the photos were not obtained consensually and the site was shut down. Though short lived, Facemash provided insight that people really enjoyed using the internet to look at photos of friends. In early 2004, Thefacebook. com was launched with a mission to connect people across the university. Three hundred university students were invited to use the site, and within twenty-four hours, more than 1,200 had signed up. This exponential growth drew the attention of other IT inventors and entrepreneurs. By June 2004, Sean Parker co-founder of Napster, and Peter Thiel founder of PayPal had joined forces with Facebook. At year end, Facebook had reached 1 million users. Facebook user growth focused exclusively on college campuses (Zeevi, 2013). In 2005, Accel partners invested $12. 7 million while user-ship continued to expand globally amongst students. Prior to September 2006, Facebook only allowed students and certain company employees (including Apple and Microsoft) to sign up. On September 26, 2006, Facebook became open to anyone over the age of 13 that had an email address. This not only allowed for an explosion of growth but the development of business pages and a new form of advertisement. The growth continued steadily and in September of 2009 Facebook finally became cash flow positive (Zeevi, 2013). By 2011 Facebook was completely mainstream and an important focus for business owners and marketers. The same year they partnered with Skype to allow video chat, and continued updating the look and functionality of the site. Facebook acquired mobile photo-editing company Instagram prior to their IPO in May 2012. Facebook’s move from private to public was not a strategic business decision but mandatory by the Security and Exchange Commission law. Since going public Facebook has tested and launched several new revenue generating service streams, cognizant of shareholder expectations. Currently the site hosts 50 million pages, 10 million applications, and 300+ million photos (Facebook8, 2013). Facebook Products and Services: Facebook has three main customer groups: users, software developers, and marketers. It has developed certain products and services to create value for each group and maximize their interconnectivity. Facebook has also been careful that the products for certain customers, namely developers, do not cannibalize on business from other customer groups. One of Facebook’s fears is that its developer friendly platforms will allow users to view the same content on third party sites. The delivery method for Facebook’s products and services is via the internet over any computer, laptop, or tablet. Recently Facebook has been focusing on expanding their mobile availability. Most smartphone platforms in the US have access to the Facebook application. Products for users include personal or business pages, events, groups, photo and video sharing, messaging, graph search, and news feeds. Pages allow companies, organizations, groups, or individuals to be visible within the Facebook community with a unique profile. Users have control over the information they share and who they share it with. Many businesses have pages in hopes of gaining an outside interest and understanding their customers. Updates to pages are posted in the newsfeed of a person who has â€Å"liked† that page. An algorithm determines whom the user interacts the most with and makes those updates more easily accessible. A new feature is the ability to mark a user as an acquaintance rather than a friend. This has given users more control over their privacy. The events product allows a user to organize a group meeting or gathering, send virtual invitations, and track respondents. It also creates a forum for discussion so any question asked, for example â€Å"What is dress code? † is visible to all other members, streamlining event planning work. Groups combine a set of people into one space within Facebook to streamline communication within the members and only for those members. Groups can be fan pages, memorial areas, or family members. Facebook also has video and photo sharing options. Similar to Snapfish or Flickr, a person can upload albums of photos and/or video within Facebook for sharing amongst friends and family. This allows people to be â€Å"tagged† within photos, which in turn link the photo to the specified person’s profile page. In August 2012, Facebook acquired Instagram, a photo editing site, which has enhanced their photo service offerings. As of January 2013, Instagram had 90 million frequent users, and it is easily integrated with mobile devices. The Facebook mobile application enables users to link messaging via text, email, and chat so that the messages stay as one continuous conversation. Timeline, a recent improvement, allows users to show their profile based on dates that are most important to them. It allows control over specific sections of the timeline, limiting viewers to enhance privacy. Newsfeed is a consistently updated and ongoing list of connections, likes, pages, etc. that others are able to comment on or like and that is available as the center focus of the service page. This list is personalized to the interests of the owner of the newsfeed algorithmically. Finally, Facebook offers graph search, which allows one to search using small phrases in order to in order to find people, friends, photos, etc. throughout the Facebook realm. In 2012, Facebook updated their iPad, mobile, iPhone, and Android applications to update speed and ensure a consistent experience for users. For software developers, Facebook offers development tools and application programming interfaces (APIs). These allow third party site developers to integrate their content with Facebook. The integration helps boost the rating of the third party site and allows them to take advantage of Facebook’s network of 1 billion users. As of year-end 2012, over 10 million aps and webpages had been designed and integrated with Facebook’s platforms. Social Plugin’s are a very short section of code offered by Facebook to enable the â€Å"Like Button† on other sites for easy social connection. These also increase the website’s rating when searched on Google. com. Facebook also provides a secure payments platform allowing users to buy services directly. This is most widely used for the purchase of games and virtual goods. An example is Farmville where players can purchase virtual farm goods to support the game via the platform. Marketers have access to all the products of a user, plus Ad analytics and insights. These services allow the tracking of ad campaigns and their effectiveness. Campaign data including number of viewers, region viewers are from, unique clicks and opens are all available in a quick view format and as raw data. This allows marketing clients to tailor ad campaigns and increase effectiveness quickly. Newer products introduced in 2012 are Facebook Custom Audiences that allows marketers to find their customers on Facebook, and Facebook Exchange that allows marketers to bid for ads in real time (Facebook2, 2013). Customer Profile: One out of 7 people on the earth use Facebook regularly. Facebook has 1. 06 Billion monthly users, 680 million of which are mobile users. Over 80% of Facebook users live outside the United States. User-ship increased nearly 25 percent from 2011 to 2012. Much of this growth came from Brazil, India, and Indonesia whose growth rates are 81%, 54%, and 25% respectively. By comparison growth in the United States during the same timeframe was only 8%. The company made an average of $5. 32 of revenue per user in 2012, a 6% increase from 2011. In 2011 the average user age was 38 and the average number of friends was 229. The average user also had never met face-to-face with 7% of those friends (Bosker, 2011). The figure above shows the dominant social networking sites globally. Pale grey areas are regions where social media has not yet penetrated in a meaningful way. Currently there are no Facebook users in China, as it is prohibited by the government. Facebook expects with the increase in mobile platforms that user-ship in underserved areas will increase since the availability of Wi-Fi continues to outpace infrastructure construction. Financial: Mark delayed taking Facebook public as long as possible. He was eventually forced to by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (Gandel, 2012). The Facebook IPO was a global financial buzz. The IPO was the largest to date, $104 Billion at $38 per share. In comparison, the Facebook IPO was 6 times larger than Google’s and 8 times larger than Apple’s (Gandel, 2012). It is a benchmark for future tech IPO’s. The bulk of the company’s worth comes from ad revenue and intangibles. Last minute analyses pointed that the company was not in as comfortable a position as initially thought, causing many large investors to withdraw their interest (Sloan, 2012). This revenue mix still continues. The IPO made millionaire and billionaires overnight, both for Facebook executive staff and Morgan Stanley who underwrote the IPO. Morgan Stanley profited more than expected due to the immediate drop in share prices. They had pre-sold stock to clients at the IPO price beyond the stock they actually had. They were able to purchase the additional shares directly from the market, making a larger profit (Gandel, 2012). The mix of Facebook stock sold was unbalanced. Facebook early investors, including Mark Zuckerberg, sold more than 241 million shares, while only 180 million were sold directly from the company. Shares sold by early investors accounted for 57% of the total shares sold in the IPO. Facebook has two classes of stock. The common stock sold to the public allows one vote per share. The preferred stocks owned by Zuckerberg and a select few allow 10 votes per share. As of May 2012, Mark Zuckerberg owned only 18% of Facebook’s stock, but had a majority control (57%) of votes, allowing him to maintain control of the company (Gandel, 2012). Mark is now responsible for continued growth and profit to his company and to employees, but to the external public shareholders who are already soured and skeptical by the lack luster IPO. One source of revenues is advertisements on Facebook. More than 80% of Facebook’s revenues come from advertising on its social network. The growth of the revenues directly depends on the growth of users. At the same time, Facebook has a lower click-through-rate (CTR) than an average website, which is only 0. 05% and about 4% respectively. In order to earn more income from the advertisements Facebook has to change the way it displays the ads (advertisements on wall posts have more than 6% CTR) but without interfering users’ experience. This leaves company very vulnerable and dependent on continuous growth of users, which will eventually be only marginal as the social network matures and saturates all possible markets. Though the company enjoyed a $32 million income in 2012, their revenue balance is insecure and uncertain. Additionally growth rates have been slowing. From 2009 to 2010 the company revenue grew 154%, from 2010 to 2011 it was 88%, and most recently from 2011 to 2012 it was only 37% (See financial reports at end). The company will eventually hit a saturation rate of customers, which has driven the revenue growth. The average amount spent per user has not increased dramatically. Mark expects that growth may become flat or decline once past the user saturation point (Facebook, Inc, 2013). History of Social Media: According to The Washington Post, researchers at Microsoft studied records of 30 billion electronic conversations among 180 million people in various countries and announced that any two strangers are, on average, distanced by precisely 6. 6 degrees of separation (Smith, 2008). This was the first time a planetary-scale social network has been available. Facebook, the online social network, may reduce a degree or two: Barack Obama already has well over a million Facebook friends. While the internet was born in the 1970’s it did not start playing a role that could be described as social media until the mid-1990’s. It started with the Bulletin Board System (BBS), where a piece of social information was posted for many to see, but each individual reacted to it separately without a way of communicating their reaction readily to others. Among other avenues for social interaction was CompuServe, a service that allowed members to not only share files and access news and events but also join any of CompuServe’s thousands of discussion forums to ‘yap’ with thousands of other members on virtually any important subject of the day. Those forums proved tremendously popular and paved the way for the modern iterations we know today. The dotcom boom and rise of AOL began the first mainstream wave of social media. Communication became instantaneous with more avenues of expression. The Internet Boom epic started in 1995. Nostalgic users rediscover long lost friends on Classmates. com, a social service founded to reconnect former elementary, high school and college classmates. In the world of business and commerce, the dot. com bubble burst in 2000 and the future online seemed bleak as the millennium turned. At this time only seventy million computers were connected to the internet. Currently, there are more than 1. 5 billion internet users on personal computers and more than 3 billion mobile users globally (Facebook, Inc, 2013) In 2002, social networking began in earnest with the launch of Friendster, which opened to the public solely in the U. S. and grew to three million users within three months. Friendster refined a degree of separation concept into a routine dubbed the â€Å"Circle of Friends† (wherein the pathways connecting two people are displayed). This concept is the key to social media as it is currently experienced. Introduced just a year later in 2003, LinkedIn differentiated itself as a serious, business-oriented social networking site for professionals. Social networking evolved in 2003 when MySpace launched, just a few months prior to Facebook. MySpace was a favorite site for the younger U. S. emographic and quickly became the number one social media site. MySpace held that title until May of 2009 when Facebook finally surpassed it in users and traffic (Zeevi, 2013). The most recent launched social network website is Google+, Google’s full-featured social networking tool. It differentiated itself early on with the ability to create multiple circles allowing users to better manage their professi onal and personal image, and the ability to edit previous posts, both for grammar and content. Another key feature is Google Hangouts, which allows instant video chats for up to 10 people at a time. Lastly, Pinterest a social scrapbooking launched in 2010 has captured attention for attaining 10 million users faster than any other standalone site in history, in only 22 months. Currently Pinterest attracts 11 million new users a week. The image and definition of social media has grown and shifted in the past 15 years. The most important changes have been in the scope and interactivity of the media. Social media has moved beyond connecting people to connecting ideas, companies, interests, and locations. Social media sites include Foursquare, Pinterest, and Twitter. Their delivery and business methods are very different from the original Friendster model. Secondly, the media has become ‘smart’ and interacts back to users. Algorithms drive the way posts appear, the ads displayed, and the friend suggestions that are made, changing the nature of the relationship to the software. Global Impact: Facebook has changed the way people communicate, and shifted the boundaries of communication. Facebook as a communication method has allowed users to relate experiences in real time, in a full range of media. Facebook’s platform and newsfeed has developed a feeling of immediacy for many people that is reflected in non-social media outlets. There is a constant desire to have new information. Facebook is both a service company and a data repository. The individual experiences of its 1+ billion users are stored in multi-media. This allows for information democracy on a new scale. As a social site with fluid boundaries, information can move more quickly and unconventionally. This attribute was a major player in the Arab Spring of 2011. Facebook on mobile hones allowed instant updates across large groups of people. It allowed the viewing of images and video by millions of people where they previously would have been censored. What color video was to the Vietnam War, Facebook was to the Arab Spring. The world was able to watch an uprising unfold in real time, uncensored, from multiple viewpoints. Facebook has also affected the criminal justice system. The public availability of photo and video media posted on the site provides law enforcement more evidence. Individual posts and friends’ lists have made finding people easier. Facebook posts are admissible in a court of law and have been used to prove violations of parole, abuses of child custody, and other crimes. Facebook as a platform has also shifted the concept of goods. Within the Facebook platform, users can buy virtual items for real money. Facebook used to prompt users on a friend’s birthday to buy them virtual flowers. The company has recently updated this feature to allow the purchase of a tangible gift. However, purchase of virtual goods for games like FarmVille is still extremely popular. The virtual goods industry revenue for 2011 was $2 billion. Industry: Two social networking sites are currently considered direct competitors of Facebook in the US- Twitter and Google+. Twitter has roughly half the users of Facebook, and a revenue model that focuses on sponsored tweets. Twitter is not exactly a direct competitor. Tweets integrate with Facebook status updates and many users actively participate in both services. Google+ currently has only 343 million users, roughly one third the user base of Facebook. Google+ is in direct competition with Facebook and has a very similar look and feel. While smaller by user base, Google+ 2012 revenue from highly targeted ads was $40 billion, eight times Facebook’s revenue for the same year. According to market survey, 83% of marketers indicate that social media is important for their business; however more marketers (76%) are planning on increasing use of YouTube and video marketing than any other form. The current top five social media tools for marketers are as follows: Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, blogs, and YouTube. Facebook will need to increase its ability to show video ads if it intends to keep the number one spot. In a five forces analysis of the industry climate, the bargaining power of consumers is high. There are many substitutes available and little cost to switching. The threat of substitute products is therefor also very high since there is a saturated market and the differentiation between brands and has been decreasing. New entrants have low barriers to entry because of low initial investment, and only moderate brand loyalty, however they need to be sufficiently interesting and innovative to capture the number of users necessary to be a major player. The bargaining power of suppliers is low. Server space providers and hosts exist almost in a commodity market with little differentiation in product or price. As in most tech industries the threat of rivalry in social media is extremely high (Tran, 2013). There are cut throat battles for patents on features and modes of use, and companies need to constantly innovate and update to stay relevant. Another threat to Facebook’s revenue stream is ad-block extensions. Users can install ad-blocks to view the site ad-free. As these increase in popularity, revenue may decrease. Privacy: Privacy is a current concern of most media users. Depending how the company manages its user’s privacy, it can be a strategic advantage or a threat. Facebook has already endured public scrutiny and backlash for its privacy control. It has a history of changing privacy settings and defaulting them to the most open and universal option, putting the onus on customers to activate a more private mode. In December 2012, Instagram (now owned by Facebook) changed their terms of use policy to state that it could sell and profit off its user’s photos. The customer backlash was intense and Instagram reverted its use policy. The possibility of being hacked and losing customer data is also a real risk. While Facebook does not store social security numbers it warehouses thousands of passwords, and captures information about individuals’ daily lives that could be misused. Virtual or real identity thefts could seriously harm the company. Facebook offers the bulk of its products for free, and its ad revenue is generated from the ability to make details about users’ demographics and interests available to marketers. This information is freely given by users after consenting to the terms of use agreement, and housed by Facebook, so they have the right to use it. The problem is that privacy laws are lagging behind internet use and technology. What is a major revenue source for the company today could be deemed illegal in the near future. Aside from legislation, bad press regarding a privacy incident could just as swiftly hurt the company and cause users to shift to substitute services. Facebook has made it easy for users to spread information instantaneously- even bad news about itself! As big data and data mining become more important for companies, Facebook may want to capitalize on its data resources buy selling information in the aggregate. The company will have to be very careful to remove identifying names and tags, but even more careful how the endeavor is presented to the public. Facebook’s Future: Facebook has been an incredible social force and an industry trail blazer. The concurrent move to a publicly traded company and into a mature lifecycle segment poses large challenges. Both revenue growth and user growth are slowing. There are multiple substitutes in the industry and the competition is rapidly innovating. Future legislation on privacy and rights ownership may require a complete rework of business strategy. Pressure from public shareholders is on Mark to create more value and increase stock prices. The company is looking to expand into large population markets such as Brazil, India, Mexico, and Japan (Facebook, Inc, 2013). The recent change of leadership in China may eventually provide an opening for Facebook services there. Increasing the focus on mobile applications will also slow the inevitable market saturation by making services available in regions with little infrastructure. Continued acquisition of promising start ups will also help the company stay cutting edge while removing future competition. However, Facebook needs to develop new revenue streams beyond advertisements, while still staying true to its mission. The company needs to define these projects before the falling growth rate triggers a major decline in the Class A stock rate. Mark himself is unsure if they can monetize their current business more than currently without alienating users (Facebook, Inc, 2013). One option is to create spin-off services that are paid, such as aggregate data sales. Another is to focus a Facebook platform on job search and recruitment. A third natural move would be to offer a unique, differentiated online dating experience (Tran, 2013). Mark Zuckerberg and his company have an incredible advantage. In the new data economy he has billions of data points that each tell a story and can be used in thousands of ways. Google Fiber installation that increases internet speed by 100 fold will allow his innovative staff to develop services that are not feasible yet. He will just need to keep one step ahead or diversify to avoid being the next,

Impact of Slope Incline on Cart Roll

Impact of Slope Incline on Cart Roll Parth Mahajan Acceleration Cart The Aim of this practical report is to roll a car on a slope of 15 °, 30 °, 45 °. The Results then used to make a Ticker-tape graph, Displacement-time graphs, and Velocity-Time graphs with the results that have been obtained. This will show the effects on the cart and how the different aspects of the cart can be effected, (such as the Velocity of the cart, Displacement of the cart and the acceleration of the cart.) Ticker-timers will help analyze the carts motion as the dots on the ticker tape can tell various things which include: The displacement of the cart, the time taken for its total journey, the acceleration of the cart and the velocity of the cart. The Incline plane is a tilted surface which an object (in this case a cart) will slide down. The angle of the incline plane is measured from the horizontal surface to the plank used for the cart to roll down. The Greater the incline of the plank results to a greater acceleration while the smaller the incline of the plank will lead to a smaller acceleration. If friction is deduced then at least 2 forces are acted upon an object to move the object, the force of gravity and the normal force. The force of gravity The force of gravity is also known as the weight acts in a downward direction.The normal force The normal force acts in a direction perpendicular to the surface. Galileo had put this to the test and conducted appointment with the inclined planes. After he had completed the prac several times he had observed that the amount of time it took for the ball to roll down the entire length of the ramp equal to double the amount of time it took for the same ball to only roll a quarter of the distance. He had concluded with: If an object is released from rest and gains speed at a steady rate, then the total distance travelled by the object is proportional to the time squared needed for that travel. Ticker Timer, Power Pack, Wires (2), G clamp. Paper Tape, Sticky Tape Wooden Ramp Trolley Find a place to put the wooden ramp. Secure the Ticker timer with a G-clamp to the wooden ramp. Connect the ticker timer to the power pack. (Make sure you connect to the AC ports and have your volts set to 12V) Get some ticker tape, 60 cm should be enough, and attach it to your cart with some tape. Thread the tape through the ticker timer, making sure the tape goes under the carbon paper and not over. Turn the power bank on, which should turn the ticker timer on and let go of the cart. Make sure someone is there to catch the cart or it could damage the cart. Remove the tape from the cart and you should have a ticker tape with multiple blue dots. Do this for each group member Repeat the process for different angles You should do for angles 15 °, 30 ° and 45 °. 15 ° Incline The ticker tape for the cart going down a 15 ° incline has the least space between the dots out of the 3 inclines tested. This is because the acceleration on the 15 ° incline is the least. As the acceleration is the least this means that the velocity would be the smallest at a given time out of the 3 inclines. The shape of the displacement-time graph shows that the cart is accelerating, this can be seen as the graphs gradient is increasing. For the Ticker-Tape Graph, there is a constant increase in the gradient showing that the cart is accelerating at a constant acceleration. Lastly the Velocity-Time Graph the line is mostly the same gradient showing that there is a constant acceleration. 30 ° Incline The ticker tape for the cart going down 30 ° incline has averagely sized spaces between the dot out of the 3 different inclines tested. The shape of the displacement-time graph is like the 15 ° incline graph but this graph picks has a greater gradient in the end and reaches a higher velocity, this is because since the incline is greater than it means there will be more acceleration. For the Ticker-timer graph the spaces between the different parts of the tapes are similar meaning that the gradient is constant. This is the same for Velocity-Time graph, as the gradient varies a little bit but is mainly constant. 45 ° Incline The ticker tape for the cart going down a 45 ° has the most space meaning that this cart was travelling the fastest out of all the three carts. The shape of the Displacement-Time Graph for the 45 ° incline has the biggest gradient out of the three meaning that it had reached the highest velocity out of the three. The shape of the Ticker-Timer is having a steady increase in the velocity meaning it had constant acceleration. This can be seen in the Velocity-Time Graph. The Gradient of the Displacement-time graph shown the velocity of the cart, since the line is a curved line to find the gradient tangent would need to be calculated to find the instantaneous velocity. The gradient of a Velocity-Time graph shows the acceleration of the cart.       When all 9 graphs are compared, it can be seen that the greater the incline means the create the velocity reached and the greater the acceleration of the cart. The results for this prac can vary within the classroom as of human error, the angles measured werent 100% accurate meaning that there could be variations for the angles which leads to variations of the speed reached by the carts. This Prac had been completed successfully and without any major errors. It was learnt that in an Incline is plane is a tilted surface which an object will slide down, it was also learnt that the angle of the incline is measured from the horizontal surface to the planked used.   Galileo had put this to the test and conducted various experiments using the incline plane. Improvements that could be made are that the measuring of the angle could greatly be more accurate as the protractors used for the prac were just rough estimates for the angle.

Utopia :: essays research papers

Utopia Utopia represents the notion of an ideal commonwealth, as the expression in a fable of what would at once be a standard and touchstone for social and political regulations. Hytholoday begins to talk of his adventures, and to describe how in the course of them he had come across many interesting communities, among them the commonwealth, whose custom on laws might well serve as examples to European Countries. By directs comments on the evils and miseries prevalent in England and Europe with an analysis of their causes and suggestions for their remedies. When More and Giles discover how widely Hythloday had traveled and realized the depth of his understanding of the governments of many nations, the propose that his knowledge is too valuable to waste and he ought to as a counselor in order to employ his knowledge in service of mankind. But Hythloday address so far on the reasons for his reluctance to undertake such employment. He does not believe that , as things stand, his advice would be accepted. The majority of those presently sitting in royal councils invariably practice a system of flattering toward their superiors and of personal aggrandizement and would surely override his idealistic and philosophical proposals. Hythloday proceeds with the argument to a critical analysis of patterns of law, government, economic and more, among European nation, particularly in England. He criticism are directed specifically at the severity of the penal code, the terrible inequities in the distribution of wealth, the unequal participation in productive labor and so on. After which Hythloday gives an account of the whole life pattern of the Utopians. Hythloday argued that a human life is of more worth than money and that is unreasonable to punish equally the taking of a man ¡Ã‚ ¦s life and his property. The Utopians have not only eliminated money from their economy, they have devised psychological methods to teach their people to despise those precious metals that are used for money in other countries. The concept of the romantic love or the grand passion is not brought into the discussion. Though it is evident throughout Utopia that the family relationship is emphatically advocated and the permanence of matrimony is supported. As the final statement, More presents a puzzle that he led to a major controversy over whether or not to contribute the plan for a society such us he had described in the book. The concept of Utopists, was to create a design for a ideal society, one must then discard the existing one and start a new afresh one.

Analysis Of The Poem The Soldier By Rupert Brooke :: Poetry essays papers

Analysis of the Poem "The Soldier" by Rupert Brooke   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am analyzing the poem "The Soldier" by Rupert Brooke. This poem is about a man who loves his country dearly. The country is England. He believes that if he should die in a far away battle field that people should remember of him only that he was English. Brookes says in his forth line, "In that rich earth a richer dust concealed." This means that if he is to die in a land other than England that the soil would be made better because there would now be a piece of England within it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The plot of this poem reinforces it's meaning because it deals with death and love. These are two powerful things that evoke feeling in people. It helps to create an image in the poem of a man who is very brave and would do anything for his country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The character in the poem reinforces the meaning because he truly believes in his country. He describes England in his ninth line by saying, "And think, this heart, all evil shed away." These are the words of a man who truly believes that his land is the greatest of good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Images in "The Soldier" are extremely strong and persuading. One image is the line "Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam." This line evokes images of a beautiful woman cherishing and caressing the man who stands at her side. Another line is "Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home." This line creates a feeling of tranquillity and a unity with nature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another line that evokes a feeling of peace and happiness is, "Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day." Without such strong images, the poem would probably not have such a great effect on the reader. Lines such as this one force the reader to see the land in the same light as the poet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Symbolism also plays a key role in this poem. Some of the more obvious uses of symbolism are apparent in the line "And laughter, learnt of friends; and gentleness." Obviously we realize that the land does not laugh and is not gentle. This is symbolism used to tell us how wonderful a place England is to live. More symbolism is in the first stanza where the poem says "If I should

Credo Paper Essay

To have a belief is to have confidence, faith and trust in something that cannot always be proven right or wrong. Some families are required to have certain beliefs due to religions where as other individuals develop their own core beliefs based on experience or teaching from mentors in their life. Whether they are taught to you or you create them yourself, whatever you believe in makes up your core beliefs. Most of my core beliefs deal with my relationship with God, but a few beliefs go into how I live my life. To believe or not to believe in God; and how many God’s exactly? There are a lot of good explanations for both beliefs but I choose to believe in one eternal God. I have gone to church all of my life and over this time period I was taught to memorize and practice the Ten Commandments. The first commandment was to worship only one God. Due to how I was raised I have always only worshiped one God and that will never change. Some religions choose to worship more than one God but I do not understand this theory. Jesus was one human being and it is said that God lived through Jesus so therefor there is only one God to worship to. Nowhere is it said that there was more than one Jesus so why would one believe that there would be more than one God? The explanation is clear to me that since there was one human teaching God’s word on the Earth, than there would be only one Holy Spirit up in heaven telling his son what to teach. I choose to pray and worship to one Holy Spirit and I do this because I believe in one God almighty. Due to my belief in God being all-powerful, I believe this plays into my belief about him being all-knowing. God is the creator of our lives and is aware of what our futures will consist of. Although it is known that each human has free will, I think that God watches over us and encourages us to do the right things. The saying â€Å"do what your heart tells you† is why I bel ieve that God is all knowing. In my opinion I believe that God’s place is in our hearts. When the heart first beats that is when one knows that God has created another human being, but when the heart stops that person enters God’s kingdom. The time in between the first heart beat and the last God does his job through our hearts that is why I believe he is all powerful. He has the ability to control every person, but I do not believe he takes advantage of this power. God only controls us when we deeply need it and that is when we are told to do what our heart says. God tries to speak tous through our heart and minds because he has the power to do so. Although there is Evil in this world, I believe God is omnibenevolent. Omnibenevolent is to be all-good. If God did not have the characteristic to be all good then how different would the world and the people within it look? I have experienced God showing off his good deeds after attending major sports games (i.e. baseball, basketball, football, etc.). Typically individuals, who are homeless or jobless, sit on the side of the street and beg other people for money. Some people choose to just walk past and say nothing, while others choose to place money in the cup and say God Bless You. Because of people donating money to needy individuals there is good in the world. God teaches us to treat everyone like they are our bothers and/or sisters, but yet some people treat others as though they are devils. I do not believe that God wants us to give up everything in our lives to make one single person happy, but I do believe that God wants everyone to share wealth to stop suffering. I have read and seen that God wishes for peace on this Earth, with peace comes good and through God’s teachings, good will rise. I believe that God is the creator of all things. What or who else could have created us to be how we are? This belief could also tie into another one of my beliefs which is that God is omnipotent or otherwise stated as all-powerful. To me God is omnipotent because there are events that have no explanation to them. One event in particular is the creation of the Earth and everything living. Some individuals believe the Big Bang was the cause to the creation of the Earth and everything that came with it, but I believe differently. To create such a complex and genius design of everything cannot just come from an explosion; it had to come from a person with an ingenious brain. God created this earth because of knowing what all had to be put into it in order for people and animals to survive and reproduce. An explosion does not know how to created life on Earth but the Lord knows everything and therefor knew how to create a prosperous Earth for people and animals to strive on. Overall in m y opinion God is the creator of all things and there is no other explanation. I believe in predestination and I believe God is in control of it. My  reasons for believing in these theories are held in specific examples. My 11 year old cousin, Claire, was born missing optic nerves which caused her to lose sight. At the beginning of her life, my family was devastated and scared as to what would happen in the future. After watching her mature for 11 years, I am utterly amazed at the goals she has accomplished. Claire is now able to play the drums, play the piano, sit in a normal classroom setting, get around in certain places on her own, and socialize with people she is not familiar with. In my opinion she is downright a miracle in our family and I believe this was all in God’s plans. God predestined Claire to be born without sight so she could live a better life and show those around her what life is really about. My friend Austin also emphasizes my belief in predestination. Austin is homosexual and according to the Bible this is a sin. Due to what I believe in I do not agree with what the Bible says about homosexuality. I believe that God creates us and lives through us, but this would mean that God created Austin to be homosexual. If God thought that homosexuality was a sin, then he would not have predestined Austin have feelings for men. God loves all and that is why he creates a plan for us to follow for the rest of our lives. Overall, God has a plan for everyone, some plans may look scary or wrong, but in the end the events are already planned and will benefit us in the future. I believe that God can work through the hand of physicians to cure and save humans and animals. I have had a first-hand experience with this phenomenon with my cousin Claire who was mentioned earlier. Through Claire I have seen God’s miracles at work in multiple ways. About 4 years ago Claire and my Aunt Jennifer traveled across the world to China for a specific stem cell treatment. The treatment was supposed to supply Claire with the stem cells that she was born missing. My family had high hopes for this treatment, but no one was one hundred confident that it would work. After about 2 weeks of constant injections, I was able to witness through a computer screen, Claire call out certain shapes and colors to her doctors. This was truly a miracle that she could see as much as she did and it was all because of doctors and studies done. To this miracle I say thanks to God for blessing each doctor or researcher with the brain to invent such a treatment to help my cousin see just a little color in her life. This experience taught me to trust in doctors and researchers because they are given God’s hands and can cure a  lot more than most believe. The golden rule states â€Å"treat others the way you want to be treated.† I hold this rule t o a high standard because I live my life by it. Personally, I do not understand why people choose to judge others. I have experienced countless situations where a handicapped individual received the awkward stare down and then overheard the group of people start whispering about them. Every time this has happened, I get sick to my stomach. I do not understand how some people can be okay with judging people. So many times I have walked around with my cousin Claire and I cannot say how many times I have seen those eyes and heard the quieted talks amongst others. No, I am not the one being treated this way but I never want Claire to be treated in this regard either. I cannot imagine that those individuals judging innocent people do not wish to be judged in that regard, so my question will always stand; why do you look and or treat people that way if you would not want the same in return? Because of personal experiences of watching others being judged and being treated wrong myself, I strongly believe in the Golden Rule which again states that people should treat others the way they want to be treated. Some of my beliefs may not agree with your core beliefs but that is okay, because God created us all to be different. Whether one agrees or disagrees with my beliefs I think that everyone could come to an agreement that one’s core beliefs are how we choose to live our lives. In my life I choose to worship one eternal God who I believe is the power over all. I also believe that everyone should be treated equally in this world. I find peace within myself when I live out my beliefs daily and I hope to do this for the rest of my life.

How to Govern Effectively In a Corrupt Society Essay

Corruption can be simply defined as an act of dishonesty for the sole purpose of personal gain or selfish interest. It invariably means dishonest exploitations and manipulation of power for personal gains. Again, it means an immoral act of manipulation or depravity of material, power etc for ones selfish interest. To divorce the third world countries from corruption is literally a Herculean task. In as much as corruption, a great social vice, is not only found in third world countries, it is quite peculiar and most profound in these nations. It afflicts all nations with bad leaders, which eventually spreads to other citizens. In any government, be it democratically elected or otherwise, it is almost impossible not to have at least a single corrupt individual in the ruling government. Corruption is a vicious circle, it inhibits development in nations, and thus bestowing such nation a third world country features. There are several types of corruption, which include; Bribery; illegal collection of money or material before doing one’s official duty Graft; illicit and illegal request of things by public office holders. Patronage; misuse of public position. Embezzlement; misappropriation and mismanagement of fund Kickbacks nvolvement in organized crime etc. Other type of corruption apart from and political corruption include; â€Å"Corporate corruption, as the abuse of power by corporate managers against the shareholders or consumers†. Causes of Corruption include; i. Lack of transparency in the government; when the governments’ activities are not easily accessible by the general public, the government tend to mismanage the public’s fund and also indulge in all sort of corrupt practices. ii. Bad leaders; Corruption leaders do not only embezzle, them also do all sort immoral acts while in government. iii. Masses lack of interest in the government; when the general public is not charismatic and is not particular in electing good leaders in to government, it results in corruption. iv. Irresponsive government; when government do not have programs that take care of the welfare and economic affairs of it citizen, citizen tend to take care of themselves in all sort of ways both fraudulent and corrupt ways. v. Weak accountability, lack of timely financial management. vi. Poverty; in a society where poverty is vast, the masses tend to indulge in corruption to improve their finances. However, Political corruption is the most severe type of corruption for it affects not only the political system, it affects the entire economy of the nation. The Economic effects include; In the government, corruption undermines both economic and social development by creating distortions, extortion of the masses and inefficiency in the public office. It also brings about nepotism, which kills creativity and a value of self achievement. In the private sector, corruption simply increases the cost of production through the price of â€Å"illegal payments and the management cost of negotiating with officials†. It also leads to breached agreements, distrust and inflation. In several cases, the masses are the victims of corruption, it results into economic distortions in the public sector by diverting public investment into capital projects where bribes and kickbacks are more plentiful. Again, tax payers money are diverted into private use by corrupt leaders. Social amenities are either not provided or the few available are not maintained. Public â€Å"Officials may increase the technical complexity of public sector projects to conceal or pave way for such dealings, thus further distorting investment. Corruption also lowers compliance with construction, environmental, or other regulations, reduces the quality of government services and infrastructure, and increases budgetary pressures on government†. Types of leaders that could handle Corruptions; The leaders that should be elected to tackle corruption are leaders which are well vast in democratic process. They should be well educated both in the history of their people and the development of democracy in the western world. To take a tip from the philosophers, a true ruler must highly intelligent, learned and well expose to democratic precedents. Again such leaders should be contentious, level headed, god fearing, incorrigible and most especially must be ready pursue democratic due process in all cases. A patriotic leader would not want his/her nation to be backward, hence would fight all corrupts advances proffered towards the development of the nation. Reference Dipo Irele, Corruption the evil against development. University press,Oyo state,Nigeria. 2002

What Were Some Entertainment in the 1960s?

During the 60s the color television hi-fi record players, better cars, and more sophisticate washing machines become common place in the home. CBS was the dominant show, then airing 13 of the 15 most popular shows. Movie stars in the 1960s: Ed Sullivan, Lucille Ball, Jackie Gleason, Red Skelton, Andy Griffith, Dick Van Dike, and Danny Thomas. CBS also produced The Beverly Hillbillies, Candid Camera, Family Affair, Rawhide, Bonanza, Laugh-In, and Bewitched.By watching TV you could hardly imagine that any Americans were discontent with their way of life because foul language was strictly prohibited and sex did not play a major role on any of these shows, most were family entertainment with formal plots punctuated by commercials. On May 12, TV: Frank Sinatra, in his fourth and final ABC special for the season, presents the return to television of Elvis Presley, who has just returned from the Army. Frank and Elvis duet on â€Å"Love Me Tender† and â€Å"Witchcraft†.Walt Dis ney, the creator of Mickey Mouse and Pioneer of animated films, died of cancer on December 15, 1966, but his legend lives on. March 1, 1968- The World of Apu completes, in alternations of suffering and joy, one of the most vital and abundant movies ever made. The 60's were the birth of the computers. The Digital Equipment Corporation introduced the first minicomputer in 1963. Television in the 1960s As television technology developed throughout the 1960s, the medium continued its domination as the entertainment form of choice for most Australians.By 1965, it was estimated that 9 out of 10 Australian families owned a TV set. Programs imported from overseas enjoyed massive popularity; in particular the American comedies I Love Lucy and Leave it to Beaver and the British soap Coronation Street. Locally-produced content, however, was also receiving an enthusiastic response. Hit music shows like Bandstand and Six O'Clock Rock proved popular with teenagers, while young children were tunin g in to Play School and Mr Squiggle. Adults were also well-catered for.In 1961, the ABC premiered the current affairs programme Four Corners, which is still running today. Homicide, the first Australian-produced drama series, debuted in 1964, as did The Mavis Bramston Show, a satirical sketch comedy. Both attracted a huge following. Programs like The Mavis Bramston Show and Homicide were crucial turning points in Australian television history. Their success proved that local audiences wanted to see Australian-made programmes, featuring local actors and Australian humour, themes and concerns.Through television, a unique Australian identity was slowly emerging. Television and satellite technology In the late 1960s, Australian television was connected to the international satellite system. Programs could be broadcast live between capital cities and people in remote parts of the country could receive television broadcasts. Along with the rest of the world, Australians could now be invol ved in globally-significant televised events, like the first moon landing in 1969. Cinema and theatre in the 1960sWhile television was still proving to be a major blow to cinema attendance in the early 1960s, cinemas regained some strength in the following years. In 1965 there were around 1000 cinemas in Australia, screening mostly American and British films. Cinema in the 1960s reflected the youth-driven culture of the time, catering less to the taste of families and more to the teenage ‘baby boomer' crowd. Movies like Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) and Easy Rider (1969) reflected the fashion, music and changing social values of the decade.Locally-made Australian films were in short supply throughout the 1960s and the period is widely considered to be a low point in Australian film-making. A boost in government funding at the end of the decade, however, would see an improvement throughout the 1970s. Ballet, opera and theatre became more popular in the 1960s, althou gh they still remained a minor form of entertainment. In 1969, the musical Hair opened in Australia. Featuring nudity, drug references and ‘hippy' themes, its success signified a perceptible shift in the nation's conservative social values.See Image 2 Radio in the 1960s Australian radio in the 1960s generally followed the format set by radio broadcasters overseas, particularly in the area of news broadcasting and music programming. Commercial radio was increasingly tailoring its programming to the youth market, filling the airwaves with upbeat, mostly imported music that was popular in the charts. Whilst popular, the overseas radio models were creating dissatisfaction amongst many minority groups in the late 1960s, who firmly believed that the current programming models did not reflect their needs.Ethnic communities, students, activists, classical music lovers may have had little in common, but in the late 1960s they were all pushing for more access to the airwaves. Music in t he 1960s The rock ‘n' roll craze of the 1950s and 60s was changing the way young people entertained themselves. Teenagers clad in the latest fashions would gather in dance halls, or discos, and perform dance fads like the stomp and the boogaloo. The twist, named after the popular Chubby Checker song, was especially popular.It was the first major dance style that did not require a partner, so anyone could try it. Some of the world's biggest bands toured Australia in the 1960s, including the Beach Boys, the Rolling Stones and in 1964, the Beatles. Australia was gripped by Beatle-mania as thousands of hysterical, screaming fans mobbed John, George, Paul and Ringo wherever they went. See Image 3 Australian music charts in the 1960s were dominated by American and British music, and local acts were strongly influenced by overseas trends. Some Australian musicians enjoyed international success.Folk outfit the Seekers were extremely popular in America and Britain, becoming the first A ustralian group to sell over a million records. In 1964, Jimmy Little became the first Indigenous Australian to achieve chart success, with his song Royal Telephone. By the late 1960s, the American psychedelic and acid rock movements had filtered into Australia. This music was prompted by, among other factors, Vietnam War protests and the new drug and counter-culture scene. Lyrics from this music style spoke of peace, love, freedom, social protest and civil rights – the social revolution had arrived.Australian History/1960s http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Australian_History/1960s Swing back to the 1960s http://mosman-daily.whereilive.com.au/lifestyle/story/swing-back-to-the-1960s/ Web generation http://www.wgeneration.com/1960.html